“Latest Stem Cells News”

As Aaditya watches a cartoon show on television, his right hand wavering to caress soft toys (SpongeBob SquarePants and Noddy) tucked next to him in bed, the boy has no clue that researchers and doctors across the world are watching his recovery with bated breath.

That’s because this frail boy, who is set to turn eight next month, is the first ever to receive a stem cell transplant for a rare and destructive illness — called Childhood Alzheimer’s (medical term: Niemann-Pick Type C or NPC), which causes neurological degeneration and seizures — for which there is no conventional treatment. Stem cells are cells that can, when provided the right stimulus, change themselves into specialised cells and, thus, develop into and replace malfunctioning or damaged body organs.

The operation was carried out at the BGS Global Hospital, Bangalore, on December 18 by Dr N.K. Venkataramana, Vice Chairman & Chief Neurosurgeon of the hospital.

Aaditya has recovered significantly after the stem cell transplant therapy. Now, his gaze shifts when people move in his bedroom, his head does not droop and the fingers of his right hand move to touch soft toys placed next to him. He could not do any of these earlier.

“The child’s deterioration has stopped and there’s some improvement (following the surgery). Next, he has to become active, but we cannot say how long it will take (for him to recover completely),” said Dr Venkataramana.

His recovery will bring cheer not only to his kin, but also to those in various corners of the world suffering from this disease.

Aaditya’s affliction has spawn a global network of researchers, parents and philanthropists who are not only exchanging information on this ailment but are also raising $200,000 to support research on NPC and to evolve an effective treatment for children struck by it.

This group, led by Aaditya’s aunt, Duriya Lakdawala, a banker based in Detroit, US, has already raised $10,000 during Christmas 2008. “We would like to see more kids benefit from this treatment,” says Tasneem, the boy’s mother.

Looking back, Tasneem says it took doctors nearly two years to accurately diagnose Aaditya’s affliction. The family got to know about NPC only after doctors at Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, requested a skin biopsy in a laboratory in The Netherlands. Next, it was another journey to find treatment, but none existed, not even in the United States. Her sister Duriya learnt about the Stem Cell transplant approach from Dr Marc Patterson, an expert on NPC, and later on got to know about Stempeutics, a Stem Cells bank in Manipal Hospital, Bangalore. Subsequently, they met Dr Venkataramana at BGS Global Hospital, who agreed to carry out the procedure.

According to Dr Venkataramana, his team had to get an approval from the local ethics committee (at his hospital) according to guidelines set by the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR). “I had to submit the entire protocol involved and make a presentation to the committee prior to the transplant. The entire process took about two months,” he said.

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Patients suffering from blindness now need not wait for donors as doctors have found a way to treat many with the stem cells derived from the cornea of a dead body.
Doctors at the AIIMS and a private clinic in the national capital are using corneal surface stem cells from a cadaver’s (dead person) eye for curing corneal injuries in many.

“We have used the corneal surface stem cells of cadaver’s eye for patients with corneal injury and have been able to correct many vision,” Dr Radhika Tandon, Associate Professor, Department of Opthalmology, AIIMS said, adding “this has been done on over more than 100 patients of corneal injury.” Usually, the standard practice has been a corneal transplant from human cadaver. But due to shortage of donors, doctors have become more specific in their mode of treatment.

The technique has come as a divine blessing to many patients, Tandon said.
“Instead of a whole cornea for one patient, we check the level of injury and use stem cells instead. This way we can help even four patients with one cornea,” Dr Asim Kumar Kandar, Consultant, Centre for Sight, said.
Stem cells exist in various regions of the eye but so far, they can be found at the outer edges of the cornea, he said.

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Stem Cell Research Study Reveals Stroke Patients Helped by Own Stem Cells

A new stem cell research study/trial recently completed shows that implanting a person’s own Adult Stem Cells helps stroke patients overcome partial paralysis. Dr. Kameshwar Prasad of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) will present his stem cell study at the European Stroke Research Conference in May, 2009.

Stroke Victims Own Adult Stem Cells Used

In the stem cell study that took place in New Delhi, India, 12 stroke victims had their own stem cells implanted within 1 month after a stroke. Also, 3 stroke patients were used as a control group and were not given any stem cells.

Process of Stem Cells for Stroke

1. Adult Stem Cells extracted from patient’s bone marrow
2. Stem Cells are then purified
3. Patient’s own stem cells are then reintroduced intravenously into the antecubital vein (in the forearms, near the elbow)
4. Stem Cells migrate to area of injury (in this case- the brain)
5. Adult Stem Cells enhance repair process and reduce brain damage

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CRYO-SAVE Group, the Netherlands-based stem cell company with a large Indian presence, plans to increase the number of stem cell donors
in the country by opening more representative offices. The company expects this would increase the number of clients and also extend its reach beyond the current five cities, group CEO Rob Koremans told ET.

Cryo-Save Group plans to invest e 2 million (about Rs 13 crore) in its Bangalore-based subsidiary for over three years.

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