“Latest Stem Cells News”

Human embryonic stem cells implanted into mice specifically engineered to have a serious retinal dysfunction resulting in blindness have restored the animal’s capacity to sense light during tests.
The results, published in international magazine, Cell Stem Cell, were obtained in the United States by a research group in the Department of Biological Structure at the University of Washington in Seattle. The study, performed by Deepak Lamba, Juliane Gust, and Thomas Reh, demonstrated that it is possible to obtain retina progenitor cells from stem cells derived from the embryo. The researchers observed, “In principle, embryonic stem cells could be a source of photoreceptors” which are specialized nerve cells found on the retina and could be “used to repair the retina”.

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“Generation of a synthetic retina from embryonic stem cells is a landmark discovery that will help enormously our understanding of blinding eye disease” (Professor James Bainbridge of Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust)

A part of the eye that is essential for vision has been created in the laboratory from animal stem cells, offering hope to the blind and partially sighted.

One day it might be possible to make an eye in a dish, Nature journal reports.

The Japanese team used mouse stem cells – immature cells that have the ability to turn into many types of body tissue (…) A US biotech company has already been granted a license to begin human trials of a stem cell treatment for blindness (…)

Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the most common causes of blindness in old age, and involve the gradual and normally irreversible destruction of retinal cells.

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Discover StemCells, Inc. A pioneer in the field of neural stem cells, StemCells Inc was founded by the renown Irving Weissman, Fred Gage, and David Anderson. Martin McGlynn, CEO, presents StemCells Inc’s use of neural stem cells, and clinical development strategy based on the neuroprotective effect of neural stem cells.

Stem Cells Inc is preparing a BLA for NCL (a.k.a. Batten’s Disease). Martin reveals the source of the stem cells used, as well as the quantity of cells needed for the treatment of various diseases. StemCells Inc’s next clinical trials (PMD, spinal cord, macular degeneration) and milestones are also presented here. We conclude this interview with Martin’s comments on successfully dealing with the complexity of regularity matters, beyond FDA approval.

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How will stem cells change the way we think about treating diseases? Here is the 5 year forward look at the world of Stem Cells, from some of the greatest experts in the field.

What are the diseases we’ll be treating, and the tools we’ll be using in 2015? Where will we be in terms of clinical trials? What are the dangers in the stem cell hype, and medical tourism? How will stem cells pave the way for personalized medicine, and more rational treatments? How important will stem cells become in the drug discovery process? Discussed in the episode are the eye (macular degeneration), the skin, diabetes (type 1 & 2), blood and autoimmune diseases, glioblastoma, HIV, and more.

Presented by Bill Kridel, and featuring George Daley, Ron McKay, Rudolf Jaenisch, John Sinden, Alan Trounson, Alan Colman, John Walker, Shinya Yamanaka, Irv Weissman, David Scadden, and Greg Bonfiglio.

from http://biobusinesstv.cmail2.com/t/y/l/uruja/kykdujyhl/k

Scientists genetically “reprogrammed” human skin cells to possess the same properties as those that make up the retina.

The process involved first turning them into pluripotent stem (IPS) cells, which have the potential to develop into virtually every kind of tissue in the body.

By exposing the IPS cells to a specific cocktail of chemicals, the scientists then caused them to grow into partially developed retina cells – the light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye which transmit nerve signals to the brain.
Although the work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is at a very early stage, it paves the way for treatments that allow retinas to be repaired with cells grown from a patient’s own skin.

In the more immediate future scientists could use the cultivated cells to study genetically-linked eye disorders, or screen new drugs for retina conditions.

Study leader Dr David Gamm, from the University of Wisconsin, said: “This is an important step forward for us, as it not only confirms that multiple retinal cells can be derived from human IPS cells. but also shows how similar the process is to normal human retinal development.

“That is quite remarkable given that the starting cell is so different from a retinal cell and the whole process takes place in a plastic dish.

“We continue to be amazed at how deep we can probe into these early events and find that they mimic those found in developing retinas.
“Perhaps this is the way to close the gap between what we know about building a retina in mice, frogs and flies with that of humans.”

Tests showed that the IPS cells gave rise to many types of retina cell, including the photoreceptors that turn light impulses into electrical nerve signals.
In previous research, scientists have succeeded in restoring vision to blind mice by repairing their retinas with stem cells.

Future treatments could help patients with conditions such as macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness among the elderly.

Another disorder involving damage to the retina is retinitis pigmentosa, which causes tunnel vision and blindness.
* Meanwhile, a new kind of “patch” made from stem cells that can mend a broken heart after an attack has been successfully tested by scientists.

Cells lost from the heart do not grow back naturally, leaving the organ in a weakened and vulnerable state.
Researchers in Israel demonstrated the new patch in rats with injured hearts.

from Telegraph

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After much hope and controversy, for the first time stem cells have proven to have the ability to cure a disease. The news comes from a study on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the retina, the most common cause of blindness in individuals over the age of 50. The Sunday Times reports that the treatment was developed by a group of British researchers, who say that in the next six to seven years the treatment will become a routine operation, which will not last more than an hour. The treatment involves the replacement of a layer of degenerated cells with new cells created using embryonic stem cells, primitive cells that are able to transform into any type of human tissue.

AMD strikes the central area of the retina, the macula, which progressively deteriorates. Cloned retina cells are placed on an artificial membrane inserted into the posterior retina. The research was conducted by the department of ophthalmology of the University College of London and Morfields Hospital. Ethical controversy is inevitable because in order to create this type of stem cells embryos are used, which is explicitly allowed by British legislation. American pharmaceutical group Pfizer, said the Times, is supporting the study.

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