“Latest Stem Cells News”

Patents offer the economic guarantees scientists and companies need to develop new treatments, Oliver Bruestle told Deutsche Welle. He’s at the center of a German court battle surrounding embryonic stem cell research

Oliver Bruestle, director of the Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology at the University of Bonn, is pushing for Germany to recognize the right to patent procedures conducted on embryonic stem cells, saying patents are the right way to ensure that scientists and companies profit from their work.

Greenpeace, however, is opposed to the patents. The organization filed suit against a patent granted to Bruestle in 1999, saying that the patenting of embryonic stem cell research could lead to an “embryo industry.” (…)

There is obviously a lot of hope and hype attached to embryonic stem cell research. Some people imagine a world full of bionic limbs and clones. Is that where the research is headed?

Stem cell research has huge potential for biomedicine mainly because there’s an opportunity to generate essentially every single type of body cell and every single type of tissue artificially in a cell culture lab. This is particularly relevant for organs which have lost their capacity for regeneration. That’s true for the nervous system and the heart as well as for insulin-producing cells. For these tissues, embryonic stem cell lines, which are really the entry point of the patent and procedure, provide a limitless source of cells. We can use these cells to generate insulin-producing cells, heart cells and brain cells in limitless numbers in a cell culture dish (…)

There’s also a lot of fear for people who envision a world full of bionic limbs and organs and clones. Is there potential for this to get out of hand?

There are quite a few misconceptions in the field. For example, we get confronted with accusations that we do research on embryos. This is, in fact, not true. The way the research is done is that there is a possibility to derive what we call embryonic stem cell lines from oocytes, which have been fertilized during artificial insemination or during fertility treatments which are left over and frozen and which are otherwise thrown away in large numbers.

There is an opportunity to use these cells with consent of the parents to derive embryonic stem cell lines and the very special things about these stem cell lines is once they are derived they can be multiplied indefinitely. We can grow them for years, we can freeze them, we can thaw them and they have the remarkable potential that they can be turned into any type of cell in our body.

This field needs a very clear and tight regulation. We certainly have such a situation in Germany. We have one of the toughest embryo protection acts in the world, which essentially prohibits any procedure which is not to the benefit of the embryo. That’s the reason why in Germany we cannot derive embryonic stem cells from fertilized oocytes, which can be done in many other countries (…)

What other possibilities does stem cell research offer that could improve people’s lives?

The prime candidates for stem cell therapies in the nervous system are diseases which lead to a loss of nerve cells or other cells in defined areas. For example, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease are diseases where we see the loss of very specific types of nerve cells in very specific areas. For replacement therapy, we know where to go and which cell type to put in (…)

from http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4898622,00.html

International Stem Cell Corporation, announces that it has launched fifteen new human cell culture products into the commercial research markets over the last twelve months through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lifeline Cell Technology, (Walkersville, MD), leading to a 12-month average month-to-month revenue growth of 50%. ISCO, the parent company, is the first company to create human “parthenogenetic” stem cells from unfertilized eggs. Parthenogenetic stem cells not only solve ethical problems, but also promise to minimize immune-rejection by providing cells that can be immune-matched to large segments of the population.

These products represent milestone achievements in ISCO’s strategy of generating revenue from the sale of research products, while building infrastructure from that effort to expand the manufacturing and quality control capacities ISCO needs to commercialize the therapeutic applications of human parthenogenetic stem cells.

One of its newest and most promising products consist of “xeno-free” human cells and culture reagents that allow researchers to study embryonic stem cells without contamination from animal (non-human) components. These products meet the needs for stem cell research to be done using “human-only” systems. Other products include Lifeline’s living human cells and reagents for research and drug development into cardiovascular, kidney, lung, nerve, eye and skin disease. Lifeline is continuing to develop unique reagents and media for the growing field of stem cell research. The “Lifeline” brand of products consist of human cells and the culture reagents and growth factors needed to grow the cells.

According to Jeffrey Janus, CEO of Lifeline, “We are proud of the quality of our new products, as reflected in the sales growth they are exhibiting in the human cell research markets. We look forward to launching more new products into the growing markets for stem cell research and drug development. These products will contribute to the success of ISCO, not only by supporting ISCO’s therapeutic research, but also through the development of critical manufacturing and quality control systems necessary for ISCO to produce therapeutic human cells in the future.”

Lifeline’s products can be found at www.lifelinecelltech.com
For more news and information on International Stem Cell Corporation please visit www.IRGnews.com/coi/ISCO where you can find the CEO’s video, a fact sheet on the company, investor presentations, and more.

from http://www.internationalstemcell.com

CD133 (Prominin) is widely used as a marker for the identification and isolation of neural precursor cells from normal brain or tumor tissue. However, the assumption that CD133 is expressed constitutively in neural precursor cells has not been examined.

Methodology/Principal Findings

In this study, we demonstrate that CD133 and a second marker CD15 are expressed heterogeneously in uniformly undifferentiated human neural stem (NS) cell cultures. After fractionation by flow cytometry, clonogenic tripotent cells are found in populations negative or positive for either marker. We further show that CD133 is down-regulated at the mRNA level in cells lacking CD133 immunoreactivity. Cell cycle profiling reveals that CD133 negative cells largely reside in G1/G0, while CD133 positive cells are predominantly in S, G2, or M phase. A similar pattern is apparent in mouse NS cell lines. Compared to mouse NS cells, however, human NS cell cultures harbour an increased proportion of CD133 negative cells and display a longer doubling time. This may in part reflect a sub-population of slow- or non-cycling cells amongst human NS cells because we find that around 5% of cells do not take up BrdU over a 14-day labelling period. Non-proliferating NS cells remain undifferentiated and at least some of them are capable of re-entry into the cell cycle and subsequent continuous expansion.

Conclusions

The finding that a significant fraction of clonogenic neural stem cells lack the established markers CD133 and CD15, and that some of these cells may be dormant or slow-cycling, has implications for approaches to identify and isolate neural stem cells and brain cancer stem cells. Our data also suggest the possibility that CD133 may be specifically down-regulated during G0/G1, and this should be considered when this marker is used to identify and isolate other tissue and cancer stem cells.

from Elites TV

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) can survive even when inserted into chains of polymers, in a process in which they are “weaved” into artificial and flexible tissues able to adapt to various types of transplants. In an innovative technique, stem cells could be used in the future to produce artificial organs, say researchers at University College London.

The technique was described in a study, published in Integrative Biology. It implements other research to shape living cells into engineered tissues, including a technique which would print a live tissue using an ink printer, which would substitute normal ink with a biological ink made up of cells.

This technique has already underwent various changes to minimize damage to biological tissue. With this technology it has been possible to ‘weave’ a network of threads containing live brain cells. In this new research, Suwan Jayasinghe and her colleagues have demonstrated that this is possible with a similar technique, to create embryonic stem cell ‘threads’.

While interferon gamma sounds like an outer space weapon, it’s actually a hormone produced by our own bodies, and it holds great promise to repair bones affected by osteoporosis. In a new study published in the journal Stem Cells, researchers from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre explain that tweaking a certain group of multipotent stem cells (called mesenchymal stem cells) with interferon (IFN) gamma may promote bone growth.

“We have identified a new pathway, centered on IFN gamma, that controls the bone remodelling process both in-vivo and in-vitro,” explains Dr. Kremer, the study’s lead author and co-director of the Musculoskeletal Axis of the McGill University Health Centre. “More studies are required to describe it more precisely, but we are hopeful that it could lead to a better understanding of the underlying causes of osteoporosis, as well as to innovative treatments.”